摘 要
近年我国铁矿石需求量猛增，价格也飞速上涨，然而我国在铁矿石谈判定价方面影响甚微，这不仅威胁着我国资源供给安全也使我国蒙受巨大经济损失，针对此种情况本文进行了如下研究：通过研究近年铁矿石海上贸易量，预测铁矿石需求趋势，然后通过对出口国的研究，判定铁矿石市场为典型的卖方寡头市场；再运用微观经济学理论分析寡头垄断下社会福利的损失问题，通过买卖双方纳什博弈均衡的分析得出有益买方的联合决策，通过分析买卖双方市场势力均衡过程得出如何使铁矿石从单边垄断转化为双边垄断。最后在前面分析的基础上提出如何提高我国铁矿石国际定价影响力的对策，包括买方联合形成一定价格联盟；加强信息服务；对外投资，建立多元供应体系；宏观调控需求量。
【关键词】铁矿石 国际贸易 价格 形成机制
Abstract
The demand and price of the iron ore which China imported isincreasing sharply in recent years. However, China doesn’t have astrong influence in the pricing of iron ore international trade.This situation not only threatened the security of resourcesupplying but also brought great financial loss to China. Thispaper first predicts the trend of the iron ore demand throughstudying the trade amount of export and import countries. Second,it analyses the export countries and defines the international ironore market as a typical seller-monopoly market. Then, it analysesthe social welfare of oligarch monopoly market by using themicroeconomics theories and find there exist dead weight loss. Thenit concludes some beneficial strategies for buyer to become alliedthrough analyzing the Nush Equilibrium and educes how to change theinternational iron ore market from unilateral monopoly to bilateralmonopoly through exploring the process of the balance of the buyerand the seller’s market power in the international trade market.Finally, on the basis of analysis, it puts forward some measures toimprove the ability in international iron ore pricing, includingthat the buyer should become allied, should strengthen informationservice, should launch investment on aboard and to build a multi-supplying system.
【key words】 Iron ore; International trade; Price ; Pricing mechanism
目 录
引言 .................................................1
1 铁矿石国际价格形成机制研究综述 .....................2
2 铁矿石国际贸易状况及其价格决策模式 .................3
2.1我国铁矿石资源特点 ................................3
2.2 我国铁矿石需求现状及预测 .........................4
2.3铁矿石国际贸易现状 ................................6
2.4铁矿石国际贸易价格决定的主要模式 ..................7
3 铁矿石价格形成的经济学机理解析 .....................8
3.1 铁矿石的卖方垄断特征及其生成机制 .................8
3.2寡头的简单博弈模型 ...............................11
4.中国提高铁矿石国际定价影响力的对策 .................14
4.1买方联合,形成一定价格联盟 .........................14
4.2加强信息服务 .....................................15
4.3 对外投资，建立多元供应体系 .......................16
4.4宏观调控需求量.................................... 17
5.结论 ...............................................17
参考文献 .............................................19
致 谢 ..............................................20
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